Blood and Blood Pressure

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High Blood Pressure




🩸 High Blood pressure:-
It can Damaged arteries, Damaged brain, Damage Heart, Vision loss .

Hypertension is generally a silent condition.
symptoms of severe hypertension can include:
🔹 flushing
🔹 blood spots in the eyes (subconjunctival hemorrhage)
🔹dizziness

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💭Causes:-
primary hypertension - Genes, Age, Living with obesity , Living a very seditary lifestlye , high sodium intake (more than 2 g a day)
Secondary hypertension :-
▫️kidney disease,
▫️obstructive sleep apnea,
▫️congenital heart defects,
▫️problems with your thyroid,
▫️side effects of medications,
▫️use of illegal drugs

How to avoid :- Developing a heart-healthy diet , Increasing physical activity , Reaching an optimal weight , Managing stress , Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol , Add fruits and vegetables to your diet , Limit refined sugar , Monitor your blood pressure regularly, Reduce sodium intake

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��How do Blood Pressure monitors work?



A proper scientific name for a blood pressure monitoring device is sphygmomanometer.
For many decades, physicians used a manually inflated air-bladder cuff and a listening device called stethoscope to listen to arterial wall sounds. This is known as auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure. Using this method required some practice and it was typically performed by trained medical practitioners.
Recent advances in medical technology paved way for inexpensive, easy-to-use, digital BP monitors that anyone could use in the comfort of their homes without specialized knowledge or training.
A digital BP monitor uses an inflatable air-bladder cuff, a battery-powered air pump and a pressure sensor for sensing arterial wall vibrations  to measure blood pressure in an artery. This is known as oscillometric method.
There are two types of digital BP monitors: the upper-arm (shown above) and the wrist models (shown below). The upper-arm model has a cuff that is placed on the upper arm and is connected by a tube to the monitor that rests on a surface near the arm. The wrist model is smaller and the entire unit wraps around the wrist. Regardless of the BP monitor type, the measurement method is the same.
A digital blood pressure monitor uses an air pump to inflate a cuff surrounding an upper arm or a wrist with sufficient pressure to prevent blood flow in the local main artery. This pressure is then gradually released using a digitally-controlled solenoid valve until the moment that the blood begins to flow through the artery.
The blood pressure measured by a pressure sensor at this point determines the systolic pressure. Pulse rate is also sensed at this time. The measurement taken when the blood flow is no longer restricted determines the diastolic pressure. This complete measurement cycle is controlled automatically by the micro-controller.

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Tips To avoid Stress

1. Keep a positive attitude.
2. Accept that there are events that you cannot control.
3. Be assertive instead of aggressive. Assert your feelings, opinions, or beliefs instead of becoming angry, defensive, or passive.

4. Learn to manage your time more effectively.

5. Set limits appropriately and say no to requests that would create excessive stress in your life.

6. Make time for hobbies and interests.
7. Don't rely on alcohol, drugs, or compulsive behaviors to reduce stress. Drugs and alcohol can stress your body even more.

@Health

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Functions of Liver And Hepatitis A & B.

🔸According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 325 million people around the world have chronic hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C (HCV). That's roughly the population of the United States.

🔹There are five different types of viral hepatitis:-

Hepatitis A,B,C,D, and E are the different types of hepatitis virus; all of these viruses cause liver disease.

🔸 Hepatitis A typically does not cause chronic infection and has no complications.
However, deaths caused by viral hepatitis are increasing globally. Viral hepatitis causes over 1 million deaths each year. It's responsible for two of every three liver cancer deaths. 😨

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HYPERTENSION

High blood pressure or hypertension is a condition that affects blood vessels in the body called arteries.

The force of the blood pushing against the artery walls is consistently too high - meaning the heart has to work harder to pump blood.

Untreated, hypertension increases the risk of heart attack, stroke and other serious health problems.

 *Blood Pressure - Normal Ranges*

BP is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and is given as 2 figures:

✅Systolic – pressure when your heart pushes blood out

✅Diastolic – pressure when your heart rests between beats

Eg: If your BP is "140 over 90"(140/90mmHg) , it means you have a systolic pressure of 140mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 90mmHg.

Everyone's BP will be slightly different (What's considered low/high for you may be normal for someone else)

✅The ideal BP is considered to be between 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg.

✅Generally, high BP is considered to be 140/90mmHg or more.

BP readings from 121/81mmHg to 139/89mmHg could mean you're at risk of developing Hypertension.

*How to accurately take Blood Pressure readings*
It's all in the minor details. It is advisable to check your BP at least two times, especially if high.

*High Blood Pressure - When to seek help*
High blood pressure is dubbed 'the silent killer' as it barely shows any distinct symptoms. Seek advanced medical help, however, if you experience the following:

🔸Severe headaches
🔸Shortness of breath
🔸Blurry vision or light sensitivity
🔸Swelling in the hands and face
🔸Nosebleeds
🔸Severe belly pain
🔸Decreased urine production despite adequate hydration



*Long term complications of uncontrolled Hypertension*

High Blood Pressure  can cause damage to various organs and tissues in the body and increase the risk of serious health problems such as a heart attack, stroke, kidney failure or vision loss.

*Long-term effects of Hypertension*

🔹 Kidney damage - High BP can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, which can reduce their ability to filter waste and fluid from the blood. This can lead to kidney disease/ failure

🔹 Damage to blood vessels  - High BP can make the arteries narrow leading to hardening or even bursting, which can reduce blood flow to vital organs & tissues.

🔹 Heart disorders - The heart works harder to pump blood which can cause the heart muscle to weaken over time

🔹 Damage to the eyes  - Small blood vessels in the eyes can be affected by high blood pressure, leading to blurred or distorted vision & even loss of sight.

🔹 Brain-related disorders
Hypertension can affect the blood supply to the brain -  which can cause conditions like stroke.

💡High blood pressure: Risk factors

Anyone can develop high BP, but there are certain things that can increase your risk:

Modifiable

🔸 Weight -  being overweight or obese

🔸 Lifestyle -   habits e.g. excessive salt intake, insufficient potassium, lack of exercise, excessive alcohol intake & tobacco smoking can increase risk of hypertension

Non-modifiable

🔸 Family history of hypertension - increases the risk of developing the condition.

🔸 Sex - Before age 55, men are more likely than women to develop high blood pressure. After age 55, women are more likely than men to develop it.

🔸Race/Ethnicity - Hypertension is more common in some races as opposed to others e.g. High prevalence in blacks than Caucasians.

*Hypertension: Prevention*

By living a healthy lifestyle, you can help keep your BP in a healthy range. Preventing hypertension can lower your risk for heart disease and stroke.

🔸  Eat a Healthy Diet

Choose healthy meal and snack options to help you avoid high bp and its complications. Eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.

🔸  Keep Yourself at a Healthy Weight

Being overweight or obese increases your risk for high blood pressure.

🔸  Be Physically Active

Physical activity can help keep you at a healthy weight and lower your bp.

🔸 Avoid  Smoking

Smoking raises your blood pressure and puts you at higher risk for heart attack and stroke.

🔸 Limit How Much Alcohol You Drink

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